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Simultaneity - Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity

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Imagine two observers, one seated in the center of a speeding train car, and another standing on the platform as the train races by. As the center of the car passes the observer on the platform, he sees two bolts of lightning strike the car - one on the front, and one on the rear. The flashes of light from each strike reach him at the same time, so he concludes that the bolts were simultaneous, since he knows that the light from both strikes traveled the same distance at the same speed, the speed of light. He also predicts that his friend on the train will notice the front strike before the rear strike, because from her perspective on the platform the train is moving to meet the flash from the front, and moving away from the flash from the rear. But what does the passenger see? As her friend on the platform predicted, the passenger does notice the flash from the front before the flash from the rear. But her conclusion is very different. As Einstein showed, the speed of the flashes as measured in the reference frame of the train must also be the speed of light. So, because each light pulse travels the same distance from each end of the train to the passenger, and because both pulses must move at the same speed, he can only conclude one thing: if he sees the front strike first, it actually happened first. Whose interpretation is correct - the observer on the platform, who claims that the strikes happened simultaneously, or the observer on the train, who claims that the front strike happened before the rear strike? Einstein tells us that both are correct, within their own frame of reference. This is a fundamental result of special relativity: From different reference frames, there can never be agreement on the simultaneity of events.

Channel: News & Politics
Uploaded: November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am
Author: MyEarbot

Length: 02:03
Rating: 4.8243012
Views: 941167

Tags: Science  Physics  Simultaneity  Albert  EinsteinTheory  of  Relativity  

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hill33ification (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
Tesla vs. Edison, Tesla won! Tesla vs. Marconi, Tesla won! In 21 century Tesla vs Einstein, and will we see who will won. Tesla said that the particles faster than light. CERN in 2011 is confirmed! Quantum Physics is sucks! Key of universe are with me and future is my - Nikola Tesla
tusi1390 (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
in description " ....and because both pulses must move at the same speed, HE can only conclude one thing: if HE sees the front strike first, it actually happened first. " HE OR SHE ,,,I think SHE IS CORRECT..
dooshtoomun (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
Mmmm Chinese Girl.
MrTumba1 (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
Do i get older if i travel alot ?
SuperMagnetizer (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
Careful analysis of the video shows that the strikes must have taken place before the center of the car reaches the man. Otherwise, he wouldn't see the flashes at that instant. Since the train is in constant motion, the path lengths for the light from each strike must be unequal: r1 > r2. Hence, the rear strike must have happened first, followed by the front strike. Both beams of light arrive at the man just as the center of the train passes him, but the rear beam reaches the woman first.
LeconsdAnalyse (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
@SuperMagnetizer Hi Super. In the problem depicted in the clip we`re not concerned about the transmission of pictures of the ends of the train to the man (i.e. optics). Although you`re absolutely correct in making note of it. We`re concerned about: 1. Light travels with fixed speed `c` for BOTH the man & the woman, and 2. The path length of the front flash towards the woman is less than that of the rear flash. But for the man they are equal.
Biarry (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
@SuperMagnetizer Observers inside the train would conclude the same as the woman - the strikes happen at different times. Observer at the back starts his clock the moment back lightning hits him, and stops the clock when he sees the front flash. His clock shows the flash reached him in time that's less then (train-length)/c, so the front strike must have happened before the the back strike. Front observer sees back flash lagging a little and gets the same result.
SuperMagnetizer (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
@LeconsdAnalyse Hi Lecon. We're talking of two different distortions here. The first is the mathematical distortion brought about by the Lorentz contraction, causing both ends of the train to shrink toward an observer located at its midpoint, as the train moves past. The other distortion is optical in nature, caused by the time for light to transmit pictures of the ends of the train to the midpoint, during which time the midpoint moves away from a stationary observer.
LeconsdAnalyse (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
@SuperMagnetizer 2/3 2. ".. it is clear that the distance traveled by the light from the rear strike must be greater than the distance traveled by the light from the front strike." YES. Relative to the woman NOT the man.
LeconsdAnalyse (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
@SuperMagnetizer 3/3 3. "..he will see images of the ends of the train from the past." NO. The man will see the light pulses that eventually reach the pupils of his eyes. After the lightning impacts each end of the moving train light pulses begin to propagate outwards in the open air.


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